Comparative Evaluation of Demirjian and Willem’s Methods for Dental Age Estimation in Indian Children Aged 9–14 Years Using Orthopantomograms

Abstract

Background: Age estimation is crucial in forensic and pediatric dentistry. Demirjian’s method is widely used but may overestimate age in non-Caucasian populations. Willems modified this method for broader applicability.
Aim: To compare the accuracy of Demirjian and Willem’s methods in estimating dental age among Indian children aged 9–14 years.
Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted using 80 orthopantomograms. Dental age was calculated using both methods and compared with chronological age. Statistical analysis included paired t-tests, correlation coefficients, and mean absolute error (MAE).
Results: Demirjian’s method overestimated age by 0.7 years (p < 0.001), while Willems’ method closely matched chronological age (+0.1 years; p = 0.18). Willem’s method showed higher correlation (r = 0.91) and lower MAE.
Conclusion: Willems’ method is more accurate and legally reliable for age estimation in Indian children and should be preferred in forensic and clinical contexts.