Journal of Indo-pacific Academy of Forensic Odontology
Forensic Dentists at the Frontline: Scene Examination & Mock Drill Training in DVI
Disaster Victim Identification (DVI) is a structured forensic process essential for recognizing individuals affected by mass fatality incidents. Among its phases, Phase 1: Scene Examination and Body Recovery is critical, as it involves preserving forensic evidence, assessing environmental factors, and establishing the context of the event. Forensic odontologists play a pivotal role in this phase by ensuring proper documentation of dental evidence, preventing contamination, and facilitating accurate retrieval of postmortem dental records. Remains found at disaster sites may vary from fragmentary, scorched, to decayed, presenting significant challenges for forensic teams. Difficulties arise in cases where remnants get mixed up, making it difficult to document and analyze the calamity site. Forensic pathologists, odontologists, and other forensic experts work collectively to overcome these obstacles and ensure accurate victim identification. However, due to the considerable mutilation and modification in dentition during disasters, there is a vital need for active planning and preparedness, as recommended by the International Organization for Forensic Odonto-Stomatology (IOFOS). This paper explores the specific responsibilities of forensic dentists in Phase 1, emphasizing interdisciplinary collaboration and evidence integrity. Additionally, it highlights the necessity of mock drill training sessions for forensic odontologists, which enhance preparedness, improve response times, and ensure systematic management of dental evidence in real-world disaster scenarios. Integrating structured DVI training into forensic odontology curricula can significantly enhance identification procedures, contributing to a more streamlined and effective disaster response system.
Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Indo-pacific Academy of Forensic Odontology
Imaging to Evidence: An Introduction to Forensic Radiology - Part I
Forensic radiology communicates through images in ways that words often cannot, particularly within the field of oral and maxillofacial sciences. The unique patterns of dentition and the resilience of skeletal structures provide reliable evidence in medico-legal investigations. Radiographic techniques such as cone beam computed tomography, panoramic radiography, and cephalometric analysis play a vital role in human identification, age estimation, bite mark assessment, trauma evaluation, and disaster victim identification. With the advancement of three-dimensional reconstruction, digital imaging, and artificial intelligence, forensic radiology now offers an unprecedented level of precision, enabling accurate and rapid comparison with antemortem records. Part I of this review article highlights the critical intersection of advanced dental imaging and legal justice, underscoring the role of oral and maxillofacial radiologists as both scientific experts and interpreters of hidden narratives within human remains. The details of the imaging techniques used and their interpretation are intended to be covered in the part II of the review.
Digital Forensics Meets Dental Evidence: The Role of Forensic Dentistry in Combating Cybercrime
In the age of rapidly advancing technology and rising digital threats, the field of forensic dentistry has begun to play a surprising yet significant role in cybercrime investigations. Traditionally linked to identifying human remains and bite mark analysis, forensic dentists now contribute valuable insights in cases involving identity fraud, digital impersonation, and facial recognition anomalies. Their expertise is crucial in authenticating biometric data, especially where dental imaging intersects with digital identity verification systems. This paper explores how forensic odontology is expanding its scope beyond the conventional, integrating with cyber forensics to tackle crimes like deepfake manipulations, illicit biometric data use, and cross-border identity theft. As cybercrime grows more sophisticated, so too must the interdisciplinary approaches to digital justice.
Cybercrime, Digital crime, Digital evidence, Forensic dentistry, Forensic odontology, Identity fraud.
Bridging the Knowledge Gap in Forensic Odontology: A Cross-sectional Study Among Dental Professionals in India
Background: Forensic odontology plays a critical role in human identification in mass disasters yet remains underrepresented in dental curricula. Aim: To assess the awareness and knowledge of forensic odontology among dental professionals in India. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 619 participants (UGs, interns, PGs, faculty, practitioners). A validated 14-item questionnaire was disseminated digitally. Awareness levels were categorised based on a composite score. Chi-square and Bonferroni tests were used for analysis. Results: Bitemark analysis (73.8%) and DNA analysis (51.9%) were among the most recognised methods. Awareness of dental features such as palatal rugae (65.4%) and cusp of Carabelli (42.8%) was moderate. PGs and practitioners showed significantly higher awareness levels (p < 0.001) compared to UGs. Conclusion: Awareness is uneven, with gaps evident particularly among undergraduate students. Clinical Significance: The findings underscore the urgent need to integrate forensic odontology into the mainstream dental curriculum to improve readiness in medico-legal scenarios.
Original Study/Original Research Article
Forensic Odontology, Dental Identification, Awareness Survey, Forensic Education, Dental Students.
Nasal Septum Patterns Through Panoramic Radiographs: A Forensic Study
Introduction: To evaluate patterns occurring in the nasal septum in the digital orthopantogram samples. In disasters such as natural disasters, accidents like fire or road traffic accidents, where the human body becomes severely destroyed or damaged, human skull radiography becomes a useful tool for identification of the human remains. Here, the study is done using a digital radiograph, which can be used to identify the human skull by determining the pattern of nasal septum. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted to investigate the uniqueness of various nasal patterns on Orthopantograms for determining the gender and personal identification. A total of 200 OPGs were selected and nasal septum patterns were evaluated. The radiographs were taken from Carestream CS8100 Orthopantogram-Xray machine and Carestream software. The OPGS were then traced was done through adobe acrobat software application to evaluate various patterns of the nasal septum. Result: Straight nasal septum was observed in 160 subjects, Nasal septum pattern with left deviation was found in 18 subjects, right deviated Nasal septum pattern was showed with 13 subjects. The total distribution of gender was 101 males (50.5%) and 99 females (49.5%). Straight Nasal septum deviation was recorded maximum in both the genders followed by left Nasal septum deviation. Conclusion: It was concluded that nasal septum deviations are an important consideration in forensic investigations. Aim: To evaluate the patterns occurring in the nasal septum in the digital orthopantogram (OPG) samples. Objectives •To study and determine the various patterns of the nasal septum. •To classify the various patterns and deviations of nasal septum through digital OPG. •To investigate its role in forensics.
Nasal Septum, Digital Radiograph, Forensic Identification, Forensic Study.
Development and Validation of a Novel Device for Three-Dimensional Bite-Mark Analysis: An In-vitro Study
Background: Bite mark analysis is a pivotal tool in forensic odontology, founded on the uniqueness of dental configurations. However, traditional photographic methods are increasingly criticized for subjectivity, distortion, and inter-observer variability, challenging their forensic credibility. Recent technological advancements have emphasized the need for standardized, three-dimensional approaches to improve the reliability of bite mark evidence. Aim: The present study aimed to develop and validate a novel three-dimensional bite mark analysis device and compare its diagnostic accuracy, reliability, and efficiency against conventional photographic methods. Materials and Methods: An in-vitro study was conducted using 60 bite mark specimens created on dental impression materials. Measurements were independently performed by two blinded forensic dental examiners using both the novel device and the photographic method. The novel device employed a vertical screw mechanism with an optical rotary encoder and dual-direction Persistence of Vision sensors to capture x, y, and z coordinates. Measurement accuracy, time taken, inter-observer reliability, sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic performance were assessed and statistically analyzed. Results: The novel device achieved significantly higher measurement accuracy (92.3%) compared to the photographic method (76.4%) (p < 0.001). The mean analysis time was reduced by nearly half with the novel device (6.8 minutes vs. 12.4 minutes, p < 0.001). Inter-observer reliability was greater with the device (kappa = 0.82) compared to photography (kappa = 0.65). Sensitivity, specificity, and area under curve values were also superior for the novel device. Conclusion: The novel bite mark analysis device demonstrated superior precision, efficiency, and reproducibility over conventional methods, offering a promising tool for enhancing the scientific and legal admissibility of bite mark evidence.
Bite mark analysis; Forensic odontology; Measurement accuracy; Three-dimensional imaging
Building DNA Analysis Facilities: An Opportunity for Forensic Infrastructure Development in Current Times
Comparative Evaluation of Demirjian and Willem’s Methods for Dental Age Estimation in Indian Children Aged 9–14 Years Using Orthopantomograms
Background: Age estimation is crucial in forensic and pediatric dentistry. Demirjian’s method is widely used but may overestimate age in non-Caucasian populations. Willems modified this method for broader applicability. Aim: To compare the accuracy of Demirjian and Willem’s methods in estimating dental age among Indian children aged 9–14 years. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted using 80 orthopantomograms. Dental age was calculated using both methods and compared with chronological age. Statistical analysis included paired t-tests, correlation coefficients, and mean absolute error (MAE). Results: Demirjian’s method overestimated age by 0.7 years (p < 0.001), while Willems’ method closely matched chronological age (+0.1 years; p = 0.18). Willem’s method showed higher correlation (r = 0.91) and lower MAE. Conclusion: Willems’ method is more accurate and legally reliable for age estimation in Indian children and should be preferred in forensic and clinical contexts.
The accuracy of artificial intelligence–based virtual assistants in responding to routinely asked questions about Forensic dentisrty
Cementum Annulations as a Tool for Age Estimation In Forensic Odontology
Estimating age at death is a key element in the process of human identification of remains of the Skeleton. It is a vital process of forensic aspect of dentistry. Cementum annulation technique is one of the key techniques to estimate the age of a person atier death. Recent research shows that this technique of tooth cementum annulations (TCA) may be used more reliably than any other morphological or histological traits of adult skeleton for age estimation. Aim: The purpose of this study is to estimate the age of the subject using tooth cementum annulation method by incremental lines present in the cementum. Materials and Methods: The study consisted of the sample of twenty teeth that had been extracted from the patients ranging in the age of 20-70 years. Longitudinal ground sections of each tooth were cut and was examined under the microscope. The images were then zoomed / magnified on the computer and the number of dark lines were counted. The mid root region was selected for counting the annulations. The counted cementum lines for each tooth were then added to the eruption age of the tooth to estimate the age of the patient. Results: There was found a strong positive correlation between the estimated age and the calculated age of the person when examined under the microscope. This proves that cementum annulations can help give an accurate estimation of the persons age irrespective of the sex, age, periodontal disease etc. Conclusion: With this study we were able to conclude that counting the incremental lines can improve the accuracy of age estimation, in turn helping the process of forensic profiling of the subject.
A Compara????ve Analysis of Lip Print Pa????ern, Lip Competency, and Incisal Class in Indian Popula????on.
Intoduction: The pa????ern of lip print varies in various types of incisor rela????onships. It is useful in building up a database for diagnosis and is a crucial tool in forensic analysis.Objective:To compare lip print pa????erns, lip classifica????on, and incisal rela????onship in the Indian popula????on and to highlight the need to establish lip prints as an adjunc????ve tool for diagnos????c and forensic analysis. Material and Methods: Lip print pa????erns, lip classifica????on, and the incisal classifica????on were determined on a sample of 152 par????cipants who were randomly selected from a group of pa????ents and students from the Department of Orthodon????cs and Dentofacial Orthopaedics of different hospitals all over India were screened. The lip print of the par????cipants was screened with the aid of transparent tape over the lips, which had red lips????ck evenly spread with a brush over the upper and lower lips. Lip competencies (Jackson’s classifica????on) and incisal class (Bri????sh Standard Classifica????on of Malocclusion) were assessed by photographs, manually checking and casts. Results: In the collected sample, ver????cal pa????ern of lip print and Class I incisal rela????onship was more prevalent. The collected obtained was tabulated and subjected to sta????s????cal analysis. Differences in lip print pa????erns among different incisor classes was significant (p≤0.05) with ver????cal lip print pa????erns seen more in Class I and Class II div 2 subjects, Class II div 1 subjects had more of a re????cular pa????ern and Class III subjects had a branched pa????ern. There was no sta????s????cally significant difference in the associa????on between lip pa????ern and lip competency as well as an associa????on between incisor classifica????on and lip competency. Conclusion: Lip print pa????ern is a significant predictor of malocclusion at a younger age and can help in stopping the progression of malocclusion. The ver????cal lip print pa????ern was the most prevalent one among the subjects. A significant rela????onship exists between lip print pa????erns and the incisal classifica????on. These lip print pa????erns can be used for forensic database useful in crime solving, war, and terrorist ac????vi????es.
Incisal classifica????on, Lip competency, Lip print pa????ern.
Diversity of dental pa????erns in Delhi NCR, Indian popula????on and its significance in human iden????fica????on: A retrospec????ve panoramic study.
Background: Fingerprints, DNA, and den????????on are the principal markers used for forensic iden????fica????on. Frequently used dental characteris????cs for iden????fica????on include evidence of dental procedures as well as about condi????on of an individual tooth whether it is decayed or missing or virgin tooth. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate u????lity of orthopantomography for human iden????fica????on. Materials and methods: 500 total OPG were equally divided between males and females. Dental pa????erns were divided into 8 codes and their diversity was calculated. Results: The diversity of dental pa????erns in orthopantomography was 99.2%. The diversity was significant in males and females in the maxilla, upper anterior, lower right and lower anterior region. The individual dental pa????ern was significant in maxilla and lower right and lower anterior region. These findings have not been reported previously.
Dental diversity, forensic iden????fica????on, forensic den????stry, orthopantomography
Role of oral microbiome in forensic odontology
Oral bacteria form a dynamic biofilm community that is constantly challenged by the host and the environment. Human physiological ac????vi????es such as immunity, metabolism, and nutri????on are closely correlated with the resident microbial consor????a found in the mouth, gut, skin, nasal cavity and urogenital tract. The oral cavity serves as the main entry point for the human diges????ve tract and the oral biofilm contains one of the body’s most diverse loca????ons for microorganisms.1, Hard, non-shedding tooth surfaces in the mouth promote microbial coloniza????on and the development of the dental plaque biofilm. The mouth has a number of habitats other than the teeth like the tongue, gingival sulcus, cheek, hard and so???? palates which add to its enormous biological complexity. These loca????ons develop niches that are impacted by changes in the amount of oxygen and nutrients available. Mechanical stress and salivary flow, work in concert to support the coloniza????on and maintenance of various popula????ons.3. In forensic and criminal inves????ga????ons, saliva is the preferred bodily fluid due to its accessibility, non-invasiveness and cost-effec????ve collec????on techniques.4 Advances in DNA technology have increased the accuracy and enhanced the separa????on of human DNA in dried saliva stains derived from bite marks and lip prints. The study of the human microbiome, specifically the microbial DNA of bacteria, fungi, microeukarya and viruses in salivary secre????on can be related to this rela????vely new field of salivary research. When combined with well-established salivary biomarkers, this data can help forensic inves????gators be????er understand the suspect’s lifestyle, cohabita????on and health.5
Oral microbiome, saliva, forensic, crime
Varia????on of Palatal rugae in Palatal canine impac????ons amongst young adults- A Pilot Study: Original Ar????cle.
Intoduction:Development of Palatal rugae (PR) completes during early intrauterine life, while dental malocclusions in permanent den????????on take several years into postnatal life to get established. Research has shown the subtle associa????on between the palatal rugae pa????ern and malocclusion. Since the palatal rugae are stable structures and follow a common signalling pathway during craniofacial development, they can be helpful for the predic????on of dentoskeletal aberra????ons such as canine impac????on. Aim: To inves????gate whether an associa????on exists between morphological features of palatal rugae and palatally impacted canines. Methodology: A cross-sec????onal study was conducted on pre-treatment dental casts of 16 pa????ents with unilateral palatal canine impac????ons. The length, pa????ern, orienta????on, unifica????on and zone of the three anterior-most primary rugae on both sides (Group 1-impacted and group 2- normal side) were recorded using an integrated rugoscopy chart. Results: The mean length for 1st and 2nd PR on the impacted side was more, but less for 3rd PR and the results were sta????s????cally significant. The wavy pa????ern was predominant for all three rugae on both the impacted and normal sides. Regarding the orienta????on and unifica????on, all rugae in Group 1 & 2 were predominantly backward or posteriorly directed without unifica????on. Conclusion: The present clinical study provides a valuable insight that PR may also be used as addi????onal criteria for predic????ng canine impac????ons for the purpose of disaster vic????m iden????fica????on as well as predic????ng future malocclusion in children.
Disaster vic????m iden????fica????on, Impacted canine, Malocclusion, Palatal rugae, rugoscopy
Forensic Odontology: The Expanding Role of Oral Pathologists in Legal Investigations
Forensic odontology is a multidisciplinary field that intersects dentistry, pathology, and law to aid in legal investigations. Oral pathologists, with their expertise in oral tissues, histopathology, and disease diagnosis, are becoming increasingly vital in forensic odontology. Their contributions include human identification, age estimation, bite mark analysis, and trauma assessment. Additionally, legal recognition of forensic odontology as a specialized branch of dentistry is essential in ensuring standardized expertise and ethical forensic practice. This article explores the expanding role of oral pathologists in forensic odontology, highlights relevant legal precedents proving that dentistry is an integral part of medicine, and advocates for the formal recognition of forensic odontology as a distinct specialty.
forensic odontology, oral pathologist, medico-legal, den????stry
Applications of Imaging in Forensic Odontology: Pathway towards justice through Dentistry.
Establishing the personal iden????ty of an individual holds a major role in forensic and is usually compared with known features to unknown specimen. It plays a vital role in medico-legal cases in the iden????fica????on of a person. The human skulls of an individual are revival source for iden????fying vic????ms or suspects in forensic odontology. The morphological configura????on of mandible, foramen magnum, maxillary sinus and other features help in gender/ sex determina????on of an individual. Forensic radiology and forensic imaging play an important role in iden????fying the individual. In the last few years, forensic odontology has been challenging field within the forensic sciences and enabling the recogni????on of diseased individual. So, this paper highlights the various aspects of imaging that help in forensic odontology.
CBCT, forensic odontology, 3D, forensic inves????ga????on, Ante-mortem, Post-mortem
Cemental Annulation as an aid to age estimation in Forensic Odontology
Background Forensic dental photography is a cri????cal component of forensic odontology, aiding in individual iden????fica????on, bite mark analysis, and documenta????on of dental evidence in criminal inves????ga????ons. It provides a permanent and accurate visual record of dental structures, injuries, and forensic evidence. Objective This paper explores the techniques, applica????ons, and legal implica????ons of forensic dental photography, with a focus on how advancements like 3D prin????ng and Alternate Light Imaging (ALI) enhance forensic den????stry. Methods Forensic dental photography relies on standardized imaging techniques, including proper ligh????ng, scale calibra????on, and high-resolu????on imaging, to ensure accuracy and clarity. ALI improves visibility of bite marks and so???? ????ssue injuries, while 3D prin????ng enables precise reconstruc????on of dental structures and bite mark impressions. Digital photography advancements further enhance storage, sharing, and analysis of forensic images. Results The integra????on of ALI and 3D prin????ng with forensic dental photography has led to improved evidence preserva????on, enhanced bite mark analysis, and greater accuracy in vic????m iden????fica????on. These technologies assist forensic experts in comparing dental records, iden????fying vic????ms in disasters or crimes, and presen????ng admissible evidence in court. Conclusion With con????nuous advancements in digital imaging, 3D prin????ng, and ALI, forensic dental photography has become a vital tool in modern forensic science. These innova????ons strengthen forensic inves????ga????ons by improving documenta????on accuracy, evidence reliability, and legal admissibility. Standardized imaging techniques ensure accuracy and reliability, while advancements like Alternate Light Imaging (ALI) and 3D prin????ng enhance forensic inves????ga????ons. ALI improves the visibility of bite marks and injuries, whereas 3D prin????ng enables precise reconstruc????on of dental evidence. These technologies contribute to be????er evidence preserva????on, increased accuracy in vic????m iden????fica????on, and stronger courtroom admissibility. With ongoing innova????ons in digital imaging and forensic methodologies, Forensic Dental Photography remains an essen????al tool for modern forensic science and criminal inves????ga????ons.
Forensic, Dental, Photography, Odontology
Dental Pulp Stem Cell: A Promising Tool in Forensic Odontology
Forensic odontology, also known as forensic den????stry, is a specialized field within den????stry that deals with the applica????on of dental science in medico-legal inves????ga????ons, iden????fying accidental human remains during mass disasters, iden????fying vic????ms from the site of crime scene. Most of human body parts perish a????er death, but tooth is one such organ which is incredibly resilient, preserving DNA well even in extreme condi????ons that may destroy other human body parts. Therefore, they serve as an excellent source of gene????c material for iden????fying individuals in forensic cases. Stem cells, with their ability to develop into different cell types, have various applica????ons in forensic inves????ga????ons, including iden????fica????on, reconstruc????on, and age es????ma????on. Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) and stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) are par????cularly valuable in forensic iden????fica????on. Amongst other methods used in Forensic odontology the use of DPSCs gives us significant results and aid in an accurate finding. The ar????cle intends to discuss the basis of DPSCs, its sources and methods of isola????on, applica????ons, accuracy of DPSCs through case study and its limita????ons.
Forensic Odontology; Forensic Den????stry; Stem Cells; Dental Pulp Stem Cells
Cervico-Incisal measurements of Incisors, Cuspids, and Molars for Gender Estimation:A Pilot Study in Western Uttar Pradesh
Background: Dental forensic anthropology is a specialized field within forensic den????stry that focuses on examining the variations in dental morphology and measurements of human teeth across different ????me periods (both prehistoric and modern) and geographical regions (including ethnic influences). Objectives:o check whether there is sexual dimorphism in cervico-incisal dimensions of incisors, cuspids and molars. Methods: Cross sectional study conducted in 60 patients, aged 25-60 years from daily hospital OPD at Aligarh. Impressions of both the maxillary and mandibular arches were taken using irreversible hydrocolloid-alginate material. To prevent any distor????on, the impressions were promptly cast with type IV dental plaster. The resul????ng study models were then measured using a digital Vernier caliper (resolu????on 0.01 mm) (Aerospace) to ensure precise data collection on study casts. The data thus obtained was tabulated and subjected for further sta????s????cal analysis using SPSS 20.0 (Microso???? Corpora????on Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Results The le???? mandibular first molar with SDI of 134.5%, and poten????ally other mandibular measurements, could be highly reliable markers for sex determina????on in forensic inves????ga????ons. Conclusion The present data underscores that male den????????ons are consistently larger than female den????????ons, with the mandibular teeth especially le???? mandibular first molar demonstra????ng the most significant differences.
Awareness and Ulisaon of Forensic Odontology Among Police Personnel of Uarakhand: A Knowledge, Atude and Pracce Study
Introduction: Forensic odontology (FO) is a critical branch of dentistry that contributes significantly to criminal investigations by examining and preserving dental evidence. Police personnel, otien the first responders at crime scenes, play a pivotal role in evidence collection and handling. However, the effectiiveness of FO is contingent upon their knowledge and training. Aim: To assess the knowledge, atitude, and practices (KAP) of police officials regarding forensic odontology, with a focus on identifying, collecting, utilizing, and interpreting dental evidence. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 236 police personnel using a pre-validated questionnaire comprising 22 questions. The questionnaire aimed to assess the participants' awareness, atitude, and practical application of forensic odontology. Results: 207 Police personnel participated in our study out of which 187 were male. Higher-ranking officers and those with graduate or postgraduate education demonstrated commendable knowledge and positive attiudes toward forensic odontology with a response rate of 85%. However, significant knowledge and practice gaps were identified, particularly among constables and head constables. A majority expressed a willingness to atiend training or seminars to enhance their understanding. Conclusion: Improving the knowledge and practical application of forensic odontology among police personnel through structured training programs and interdepartmental collaboration can enhance the preservation and use of dental evidence in investigations.
Forensic odontology, Dental evidence, Police, Awareness, Evidence collec????on
The Current Use of Artificial Intelligence in Disaster Victim Identification
Barcoding and Aligners: Will they make a difference in Forensics?
Role of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery in Forensic Odontology
Evidence in civil or criminal matiers is frequently requested from dentists despite their diverse fields of specialtioes. The importance of every super specialty in dentistry is well-known in the context of Forensic Odontology. Oral & Maxillofacial surgeons are highly skillful in head & neck anatomy, trauma & surgical procedures. Also, they are extremely knowledgeable about their field when called upon to provide testimony as part of forensic evidence in typical situations such as disability evaluation following oral or maxillofacial trauma. in situations of suspected carelessness, for feedback on the practices used by other medical professionals, and many more. This paper aims to highlight the areas of forensic dentistry in which oral & maxillofacial surgeons can be of utmost importance in Forensic Odontology and also provides a brief methodology of oral autopsy in medicolegal cases.
D3- Digital Documentation in Forensic Dentistry.
Digital documentation, file formats, file size, image formats.
Patters of nasal septum as a tool in forensic investigation: A Review
nasal septum, a central structure within the facial anatomy, plays a significant role in forensic science as a diagnos????c tool. This review examines the applica????on of nasal septum analysis in forensic inves????ga????ons, highligh????ng its u????lity in iden????fica????on, trauma assessment, and the differen????a????on between post-mortem and ante-mortem injuries. The nasal septum’s unique anatomical features, including devia????ons and fractures, can serve as cri????cal markers in cases where other iden????fica????on methods are challenged. Furthermore, the review discusses how congenital and trauma-induced devia????ons provide insights into a vic????m’s medical history and the events leading to death or injury. The integra????on of advanced imaging techniques, such as CT scans and MRIs, has enhanced the precision of forensic analysis, allowing for detailed assessment of the nasal septum’s condi????on. This ar????cle underscores the nasal septum’s value in forensic diagnos????cs, emphasizing its relevance in both criminal and civil inves????ga????ons
Nasal septum, Nasal septum devia????on, Forensics, OPG, CBCT
Stability of palatal rugae in cle???? pa????ents following palatal expansion: A Forensic odontology perspec????ve
Introduction:Palatal rugae have been recognized for their role in forensic iden????fica????on as they remain stable throughout an individual’s growth and even a????er orthodon????c treatments. This study evaluated the stability of palatal rugae a????er palatal expansion of cle???? pa????ents in the transverse dimension. Material and method: Sample size consisted of 10 pa????ents where 6 pa????ents were treated by rapid maxillary expansion and 4 were treated by slow maxillary expansion. On the pre and post expansion cast; first, second and third rugae were recorded. Digital caliper was used to assess the changes in the transverse posi????on of rugae by measuring the inter medial and inter lateral rugae distances. Results: A sta????s????cally significant increase was seen in values between medial aspect of 2nd and 3rd rugae and lateral aspects of 1st , 2nd and 3rd rugae. Conclusion: The only stable reference mark was mesial aspect of first rugae.
Dental Records, forensic den????stry, palatal rugae, cle???? palate, Orthodon????cs
The Role of Compartment-Specific Lip Print Pa????erns in Gender iden????fica????on and Blood Group Analysis: A Pilot Study.
introduction:Cheiloscopy, the study of lip prints, is a valuable forensic tool akin to fingerprin????ng for crime scene investigation. This study aimed to determine the compartment-wise frequencies of different lip print patierns in males and females and to explore the correlation between these patierns and various blood groups. Material and Methods: A pilot study was conducted with 42 subjects aged 18-25 years. Lip print records were obtained from the sample population, coded, and meticulously analyzed to meet the study objectives. Results: The analysis revealed that different compartments exhibited varying predominant lip print patierns, with no significant correlation between lip print patuuierns and blood groups. Conclusion: The study concludes that considering all compartments during sex identification through cheiloscopy is crucial. There is a need for a standardized method that encompasses all compartments for accurate lip print analysis.
Cheiloscopy, lip prints, sex iden????fica????on, forensic odontology
Comparison of the Demirjian Age with The Chronologic Age and Their Correlation.
Background: People of French-Canadian descent were initially the major data source for Demirjian’s dental age estimate technique. However, due to chronologic variety, Dr. Acharya altered the data in 2011 to reflect the Indian population. The current study was conducted to improve the accuracy of Demirjian’s technique and to link Demirjian’s age with the chronologic age. Materials and Methods: A study of 300 participants was conducted in a dental college in Mathura, using orthopantomographs (OPGs) to evaluate dental maturity. The Demirjian 8 teeth method was applied, and chronological age was determined by subtracting the radiograph date from birthdate. Pearson’s correlation test was used to analyze the correlatution between chronologic age and Demirjian’s age. Results: Pearson’s correlation test revealed a significant correlation between chronologic age and Demirjian s age. The Demirjian s age has been overestimated in comparison to the chronologic age.
Chronologic age, Demirjian s age, Orthopantomograph
Evaluation of the correlation between Cephalometric parameters and sex prediction in West Uttar Pradesh: A Cross-Sectionail study
ABSTRACTAs the consolidation of dimorphic characteristics concludes the sex of the individual, osteological examination is a very reliable tool for determining the sex of the individual. This research was carried out using lateral cephalograms and an index was formed, which could be considered as a reliable sex determinant in forensic applications. Materials and Methods: This study was performed on samples of west Utiar Pradesh population. Fitiy individuals, whose age ranged between 25 and 40 years, were taken (25 male subjects and 25 female subjects). All conven????onal hard tissue cephalometric variables were compared, subjected to statistical analysis and tested for significance. Results: Out of a total of 72 variables tested, only six variables showed statistical significance. These six variables were then subjected to discriminant function analysis to evaluate the effectiveness of each variable in predicting the sex of an individual. Individually, the Y-axis showed the highest sex determining dependability of 76% followed by a facial angle showing 74% dependability. On the other hand, lower facial height angle (68%), mandibular plane angle (68%), Pog to N perpendicular (66%), and mandibular length Go-Gn (60%) showed lowest consistency. With regard to individual sex, the Yaxis shown the highest reliability at 76%, followed by a facial angle at 74%. Conclusion: From this study, it is evident that cephalometric parameters are reliable in determining the sex of an individual. All the statistically significant data showed high and acceptable percentage of reliability. This proves that the chosen variables can be used for West Utiar Pradesh population to determine the sex of individuals of interest.
Sex Determina????on, Cephalograms, Hard Tissue